Zamkati
Ngakhale mayi waluso, akamachitiridwa nkhanza mobwerezabwereza ndi mnzake, zimawavuta kuchita bwino pantchito yomwe wasankha.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, nkhanza kwa amayi ndizovomerezeka.
Chiwawa kwa ziwerengero za azimayi chawonetsa kuti mayi m'modzi mwa atatu padziko lonse lapansi amachitilidwa nkhanza zakuthupi kapena zogonana ndi mnzake kapena nkhanza zogonana kuchokera kwa yemwe si mnzake.
Nkhanza zapakhomo ndichimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe wathanzi la amayi padziko lapansi lero.
Koma ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza kwambiri amayi posachedwa komanso kwakanthawi.
Onaninso:
Zochitika padziko lonse lapansi
Tsoka ilo, iyi ndi njira yoyipa yomwe yazika mizu m'miyambo ina.
Ngakhale amayi omwe ali pachibwenzi akufuna kumasuka ku maunyolo a nkhanza, sizovuta kutero.
Ena sangachitire mwina koma kukhala chifukwa alibe maphunziro komanso kuthekera kwachuma kuti azitha kudzisamalira. Ena omwe ali ndi ana zimawavuta kusiya chifukwa sakufuna kuthetsa mabanja awo.
Mwa mayiko onse padziko lapansi, zochitika zazikulu kwambiri zankhanza zomwe zimachitikira azimayi zili ku Angola. Onani infographic iyi kuti mudziwe zambiri:
Pafupifupi 78 peresenti ya azimayi ake ali kumapeto. Bolivia, ku South America, ndi yachinayi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo azimayi 64 pa 100 alionse amapirira nkhanza zapakhomo.
Chochititsa chidwi, awa ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene azimayi ambiri alibe mwayi wamaphunziro.
Pamwambapa ku Asia kuli ku Bangladesh, ndipo azimayi 53 pa 100 alionse amakhala akugwiridwa ndi anzawo apamtima.
Ngakhale m'maiko oyambilira, nkhanza zapakhomo zimasowabe akazi.
Ku United Kingdom, azimayi 29 pa 100 aliwonse amazunzidwa ndi anzawo. Pafupifupi 6 peresenti ya azimayi aku Canada amapirira nkhanza zochokera kwa anzawo.
Kulimbirana mphamvu muubwenzi sikukhazikika mmaiko akutukuka kumene.
Ngakhale m'maiko oyamba, komwe azimayi ali ndi chuma chambiri komanso maphunziro apamwamba, nkhani ya nkhanza mnyumba akadali vuto lalikulu.
Njira yoyamba yothanirana ndi kuvomereza kuti pali china chake cholakwika ndikusweka muubwenzi.
Amayi omwe akuvutika ndi izi ayenera kukumbukira kuti sikulakwa kwawo. Ndi wozunza amene ayenera kusintha.
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti ambiri amene amachitira nkhanza ana awo sadzavomereza zolakwa zawo. Amakana kupeza uphungu ndipo amakhala achiwawa kwambiri akamatsutsidwa.
Amayi omwe ali pachibwenzi chotere ayenera kukumbutsidwa kuti palibe amene akuyenera kuchitiridwa motere. Palibe amene ayenera kulolera zachiwawa. Chitetezo, limodzi ndi chitetezo cha ana, ziyenera kukhala patsogolo kwambiri.
Kuwerenga Kofanana: Njira Zothetsera Nkhanza Zam'banja
Kudzipha ngati kuthawa
Zachisoni, azimayi ambiri omwe akukhala ku gehena wamtunduwu amadzimva kuti alibe mphamvu zothetsera zonsezi. Atsekerezedwa m'mabwenzi omwe amapweteka maumboni awo ndikusokoneza kudzidalira kwawo.
Ngakhale atasankha kuchoka, madera ena alibe njira zotetezera amayi.
Mayiko ena alibe zida zokhazikitsira mabungwe omwe angathandize azimayi kuti achoke bwinobwino.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale ozunzidwayo anakanena kwa akuluakulu, azimayi amatumizidwabe kwa amuna awo chifukwa chokhala ndi makolo akale.
Amayi ena omwe amachita bwino asiye maubwenzi awo oopsa amadzipeza okha akuyang'aniridwa ndi kuzunzidwa ndi wozunza.
Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti kudzipha pakati pa amayi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zathanzi zomwe zimakhudza azimayi ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Kwa azimayi ena omwe ali pamavuto, amamva kuti imfa ndiyo njira yawo yokhayo yothawira.
Ngakhale kuti kudzipha sikusowa kawirikawiri m'maiko ena, nkhawa ikukulirakulira kumayiko ena. Anthu odzipha kwambiri padziko lapansi ali ku Lesotho, ku South Africa, ndipo 32,8 yadzipha pa 100,000.
Barbados ku Caribbean ndiye otsika kwambiri, ndi 0,3 pa 100,000. India ili ndi anthu odzipha kwambiri ku Asia, ndi 14.5 pa 100,000.
Wapamwamba kwambiri ku Europe ndi Belgium, ndi 9.4 pa 100,000. Pali odzipha 6.4 okha mwa 100,000 ku United States.
Imfa imodzi yasintha kale. Moyo umodzi wotayika ndi wochuluka kwambiri. Dziko lapansi liyenera kuyanjana kuti liunikire za nkhaniyi.
Ntchito zazikulu zolimbana ndi mavuto azaumoyo azimayi ziyenera kukhala patsogolo.
Kupatula apo, munthu aliyense ndi mwana wobadwa kuchokera m'mimba mwa mayi. Amayi ndi gawo lofunikira pagulu, pomwe nthawi zonse amakhala ndi gawo lofunikira.
Zina zovuta
Mavuto ena pamndandanda wazokhudza zaumoyo wa amayi zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la amayi padziko lonse lapansi ndiukwati woyambirira komanso kufa kwa amayi.
Amayi omwe akwatiwa ali ndi zaka 15 mpaka 19 ali pachiwopsezo chazovuta zathanzi zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa amayi.
Iwo akadali okhwima kuti anyamule ndi kusamalira ana awo. Ambiri aiwo sanatetezedwe pachuma pantchito yawo ngati amayi.
Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti Niger ndiyomwe ili ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri chaukwati woyambirira, pomwe 61% ya atsikana ake amakhala omwe adakwatirana kapena kukwatiwa.
Yerekezerani izi ndi Australia, dziko loyamba padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe 1% yokha ya azimayi ake akwatiwa adakali achichepere.
Chiwerengero cha kufa kwa amayi akuchulukanso pakati pa mayiko achitatu padziko lonse lapansi.
Dziko la Sierra Leone, lomwe lili ku South Africa, ndi limene lakhala ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha anthu akufa, ndipo anthu 1,360 amamwalira pa 100,000.Yerekezerani izi ndi Australia, ndikufa 6 kokha pa 100,000.
Zachisoni, zitha kutengedwa kuchokera ku izi kuti boma lamaphunziro azachuma lithandizanso pazotsatira izi. Nthawi zonse amakhala osauka komanso osadziwa zomwe zimanyamula.
Kupereka chiyembekezo
Palibe yankho limodzi posachedwa lothetsera zovuta zaumoyo za azimayi izi. Zimatengera kuyanjana pagulu padziko lonse lapansi kuti ziletse kuzunza.
Komabe, apa pali njira zingapo zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha azimayi padziko lonse lapansi:
- Amayi omwe akufuna kusiya maubwenzi awo achiwawa amatha kuchita izi ngati akumva kukhala otetezeka. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa njira zothandizira kuthandiza amayi kuti ayimenso.
- Amafuna uphungu kuti azindikire kuti maubale awo omwe adalephera sanali vuto lawo. Masiku ano, m'maiko ena, azimayi amatha kulandila chitetezo kwa anzawo.
- Kulankhula motsutsana ndi nkhanza zapakhomo ndikuphunzitsa amayi za ufulu wawo zithandizira kuwapangitsa kuti azindikire kuti kuchitidwa ngati chikwama chomenyera sizachilendo.
Njira yokhayo yothaniraniratu kayendedwe kakuwongolera komanso nkhanza kumaphatikizapo kuphunzitsa ana adakali aang'ono.
Ayenera kuphunzira kulemekeza aliyense, makamaka omwe adzakhale nawo pachibwenzi. Kupyolera mu chidziwitso choyenera ndi malingaliro ophunzitsira, ana amatha kuwona momwe maubwenzi abwino amawonekera.
Mwachidziwikire, azimayi padziko lonse lapansi atakhala ndi luso lodzisamalira, sadzafunika kudalira wina aliyense.
Pali zowona mwambi wakuti: Munthu amene wanyamula chikwama ali ndi mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso ndi maphunziro ziyenera kukhalabe patsogolo.
Amayi omwe ali ndi mphamvu sangalekerere nkhanza.