Zamkati
- Magawo Aupangiri a ACA Professional
- Uphungu waumwini
- Uphungu waukwati
- Uphungu wabanja
- Upangiri wamagulu
- Mitundu ya upangiri potengera malingaliro
- Chidziwitso Chachikhalidwe (CBT)
- Mankhwala a Gestalt
- Matenda opatsirana
- Njira yolumikizira mitundu ingapo
- Njira Yoyendetsera Carl Rogers
Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira kuthana ndi vuto linalake.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya upangiri yomwe aliyense angachite kuti athandize miyoyo yawo. Nthawi zambiri, itha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri; ndi mutu komanso momwe amafikira.
Njira zambiri zamankhwala zimangoyang'ana pamitu ina, monga ukwati, chizolowezi, kuzunza, zovuta zamagulu ndi zamaganizidwe. Anthu amapita kumisonkhanoyi kuti athetse mavuto omwe amakhala nawo kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino.
Magawo amathanso kufotokozedwa ndi mitundu ya malangizidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa zolinga zina.
Nayi njira zodziwika bwino zoperekera upangiri zomwe mungakumane nazo mukamakhala nawo mgawoli
Magawo Aupangiri a ACA Professional
American Counselling Association idagawananso njira ndi mtundu wamphamvu pakati pa omwe akukhudzidwa.
Uphungu waumwini
Ndipamene akatswiri amachita ndi munthu m'modzi ndikuwathandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.
Uphungu waukwati
Ndi mtundu wina wa upangiri womwe umalimbana ndi maanja awiri awiri kuti athetse ubale wawo.
Uphungu wabanja
Zofanana ndi upangiri wa maanja ndi maukwati, zimagwira ntchito kukulitsa ndi kukonza ubale pakati pa abale ndi mabanja osakanikirana.
Upangiri wamagulu
Ndipamene gulu la anthu osagwirizana omwe ali ndi vuto lomwelo amathandizidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti athandizire anzawo.
Mitundu ya upangiri potengera malingaliro
Ubale wochiritsira pakati pa akatswiri ndi wodwala ndichithandizo chamankhwala. Pali maziko asayansi panjira iliyonse kutengera sukulu yamaganizidwe. Mtundu uliwonse wa upangiri ndi njira yoyendetsedwa ndi zamankhwala yothandizidwa ndi katswiri.
Chidziwitso Chachikhalidwe (CBT)
Uphungu wamtunduwu umakhazikitsidwa pamalingaliro akuti machitidwe onse ndi mayankho ophunziridwa kutengera chidziwitso pazomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu.
Komabe, chiphunzitsochi chikusonyeza kuti ngakhale timaphunzira mozindikira kapena mosazindikira kuchokera m'zomwe takumana nazo, sizikhalidwe zonse zomwe timaphunzira zimapindulitsa m'miyoyo yathu.
Phobias, zovuta zowoneka bwino, komanso kuthawa ndi mitundu yodziwika yamakhalidwe osayenera omwe CBT imayankha pakupeza zifukwa zomwe zimasokoneza zizolowezi ndi njira zosinthira.
CBT ndiyosavuta kunena kuposa kuchita. Zimatengera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti musinthe machitidwe omwe mwaphunzira makamaka ngati akhazikika mu chikumbumtima kwanthawi yayitali. Zitha kupezeka pakupeza chomwe chimayambitsa, zoyambitsa zomwe zimawatsegulira kenako ndikuzigonjetsa polemba mawu oyankhidwa ndi mayankho abwino.
Mankhwala a Gestalt
Lingaliro la Gestalt ndi mtundu wa upangiri wotengera lingaliro loti lonse ndi lalikulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zake.
Pansi pa sukulu yamalingaliro iyi, njira yolangizira imapangidwa kuti ithandizire munthuyo payekhapayekha kuwongolera machitidwe ovuta omwe ndi mbali zake zokha.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu wopambana ali ndi vuto lakumwa, zimaperekedwa kuti munthuyo ali ndi chidwi komanso luntha kuti akwaniritse zabwino.
Ngati munthu yemweyo atha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwezo komanso kudziletsa kuti athetse vuto lawo, zitha kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino zomwezo monga madera ena amoyo wawo.
Mofanana ndi CBT, ndikosavuta kunena kuposa kuchita.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pamalangizidwe amtunduwu poyerekeza ndi CBT ndikuti kumangoyang'ana kwambiri pano osati zam'mbuyomu. Amakhulupirira kuti zilizonse zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli, ndizofunika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe munthuyo angachite lero dala kusintha tsogolo.
Matenda opatsirana
Ndi njira ina yoperekera upangiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kutsirikitsa kuti munthuyo alandire malingaliro atsopano ndi "kulemba" machitidwe mwa kuyika zatsopano mchisangalalo pomwe wodwalayo ali mgulu lachinyengo.
Zitha kumveka ngati zongopeka kapena zosaloledwa, koma pali akatswiri omwe ali ndi zilolezo zomwe zingapangitse mkhalidwe wamaganizidwe omwe amalola kuti njirayi ichitike.
Hypnosis imatha kulimbikitsa chitukuko chaumwini kwa anthu omwe ali pansi paupangiri wotere. Popeza siyigwira ntchito kwa aliyense ndipo imapereka chithunzi cha dotolo wosavomerezeka, ili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chomenyera kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala cha khansa chovomerezedwa ndi FDA.
Njira yolumikizira mitundu ingapo
Ndi mtundu wina wa upangiri pomwe njirayi imayamba ndi njira ya CBT kenako imasintha ndikusankha njira yodziwira kuyankha kwa wodwalayo munjira zina.
Ndi sukulu yamaganizidwe yomwe imavomereza njira zachikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, koma magwiridwe antchito amtunduwu waupangiri ali pamlandu malinga ndi kulandila kwamunthu. Wothandizira amayesa koyamba njira iti yomwe ingafanane ndi vuto lililonse ndikusintha njira zosiyanasiyana kwa munthuyo kuti akhale ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Wothandizirayo amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera posankha njira yoyenera kwa aliyense payekha kenako kuti athane ndi vutoli kapena agwirizane ndi katswiri wina yemwe ndi katswiri wa njirayi.
Njira Yoyendetsera Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers ndi katswiri wama psychology yemwe amakhulupirira njira yothandizira anthu kuchipatala.
Njira zake zopangira upangiri zimazungulira pamalingaliro akuti chilichonse chimangokhudza kuzindikira, makamaka kudzidalira.
Sukulu yamalingaliro iyi imakhulupirira kuti machitidwe amangokhala momwe aliyense amawonera zoyipa zilizonse. Mwachitsanzo, kalasi ya 12 yokazinga wagyu pound steak ndi chinthu chopanda moyo chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana malinga ndi malingaliro.
Foodie - Adzawona steak ngati chidutswa cha luso ndipo adzalemekeza mbali iliyonse ya momwe angawonongere.
Vagrant - Adzawona kuti ndichabwino kwambiri kukumbukira kwanthawi yonse.
Woyimira zaumoyo - Awona ngati chidutswa chokoma chomwe chiyenera kupewedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zingachitike kwakanthawi m'thupi.
Ahindu - Ahindu ndi chikhulupiriro chachipembedzo chomwe chimalemekeza ng'ombe. N'kutheka kuti zimawaipitsa.
Kutengera mtundu woperekedwa pamwambapa zikuwonetseratu kuti kulingalira kumabweretsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana pazomwezi.
Njira ya Carl Rogers imayang'ana kwambiri pakumvera chisoni kuti wothandizirayo awone bwino malingaliro amunthu aliyense ndipo samawaweruza chifukwa cha izi.
Uphungu wamtunduwu umalimbikitsa chikhulupiliro chakuti palibe amene amamudziwa bwino kuposa momwe amadzionera. Lingaliro lawo la dziko lapansi ndilofunika kwambiri, ndipo machitidwe onse amangokhala mawonekedwe ake.
Izi ndi zina mwa njira zofala zothandizila upangiri zomwe akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito pochiza wodwala. Kudziwa njira zawo kumapatsa anthu malingaliro pazomwe angayembekezere mkati mwa gawoli.