Upangiri Wotsogolera Wolera: Kuyankha Mafunso Ofunika

Mlembi: John Stephens
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 22 Jayuwale 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 29 Kuni 2024
Anonim
Upangiri Wotsogolera Wolera: Kuyankha Mafunso Ofunika - Maphunziro
Upangiri Wotsogolera Wolera: Kuyankha Mafunso Ofunika - Maphunziro

Zamkati

"Ndiye mukuganiza zoyamba liti banja?

Ili ndi funso lodziwika bwino lomwe banja laling'ono kapena omwe angokwatirana kumene adzafunsidwa atakwatirana kwakanthawi koma alibe mwana.

Ndipo ili ndi funso lofunika kulilingalira ngati mukukonzekera kukhala ndi ana, popeza tanthauzo lakukhala ndi banja ndilofikirapo.

Kutanthauzira koyenera kwambiri kwakulera ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ana omwe muli nawo, komanso nthawi ndi nthawi pakati pa kubadwa kwawo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera kapena njira yolera yodzifunira.

Masiku ano pali zosankha zambiri ndipo mwina ndi chiyembekezo chovuta kuyesa kudziwa zomwe zingagwire bwino ntchito mdera lanu.

Kapenanso mumakhala ndi kukayika komanso mafunso okhudza kulera pankhani yachitetezo cha njira zina, kapena pamutu wonse wakulera mutakwatirana.


Kudziwa mafunso oyenera kufunsa okhudzana ndi kulera kapena mafunso okhudzana ndi kulera ndikofunikira kwa maanja omwe ali ndi lingaliro loyambitsa banja. Malangizo abwino kwambiri okhudzana ndi kulera samangoyankha mafunso anu komanso angakuthandizeninso kuzindikira ena atsopano.

Ngati banja ngati mukufuna thandizo kuti mupeze mayankho ku mafunso ena okhuza kulera monga momwe kulera kumagwirira ntchito? Kodi malangizo abwino kwambiri otengera kulera khomo ndi khomo ndi ati? Kodi njira zabwino kwambiri zolerera ndi ziti? Kodi muyenera kukhala chiyani pa nkhani yakulera?

Nkhaniyi ithandizanso kuthana ndi kukayika ndi mantha ena pamene tikambirana mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kwambiri zakulera, komanso ena omwe safunsidwa kawirikawiri pamutu wakulera, motere:

  1. Chifukwa chiyani kulera kuli kofunika?
  2. Kodi ubwino wakulera ndi wotani?
  3. Kodi zovuta zakulera ndi ziti?
  4. Kodi ndi njira ziti zakulera zosiyanasiyanazi?
  5. Kodi zina mwa njira zachikhalidwe za kulera ndi ziti?
  6. Kodi kulera kwachilengedwe kumagwira ntchito bwanji?
  7. Kodi kulera kumaphatikizapo chiyani?
  8. Kodi njira zosiyanasiyana zakulera ndizothandiza bwanji?
  9. Kodi thanzi langa limakhudza bwanji njira zakulera zomwe ndidasankha?
  10. Kodi maubwino okhudzana ndi kulera pakamwa ndi ati?
  11. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuganizira posankha njira yolerera?
  12. Ngati nditenga pakati ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yolerera ya mahomoni, kodi zitha kuvulaza mwana wanga?
  13. Nditenga nthawi yayitali bwanji nditakhala ndi pakati ndikasiya kumwa mapiritsi kapena jakisoni?
  14. Tidziwa bwanji tikakhala okonzeka kuyambitsa banja?

Mafunso akulerawa atha kukuthandizani kufunsa mafunso ambiri ndikukonzekeretsani zamtsogolo.


1. Chifukwa chiyani kulera kuli kofunika?

Ndikofunika kuti wachikulire aliyense wogonana aganizire ndikukambirana zakulera, kapena njira zolerera. Izi sikuti zimangotanthauza kupewa mimba zosafunikira, komanso kukonzekera nthawi yoti adzitengere pakati.

Mwanjira iyi, mutha kuyesa kukonzekera mwana aliyense. Kusiyana pakati pa abale ndiwofunikanso ndipo kumatha kuwongoleredwa pokonzekera bwino.

M'masiku akale, njira zolerera zinali zochepa kwambiri, ndipo maanja amayembekeza kupitiliza kutenga ana m'zaka zawo zonse zachonde, mwina mpaka mimba khumi ndi ziwiri kapena khumi ndi zisanu!

Komabe, popeza pakhala kupita patsogolo kotere mderali, kufunikira kwakulera ndikuti kumapereka mwayi kwa maanja kugwiritsa ntchito udindo wawo ndi zisankho zawo m'mbali yofunikayi ya moyo wawo.


2. Kodi ubwino wakulera ndi wotani?

Mukakonzekera banja lanu mosamala, poganizira kuchuluka kwa ana omwe mungafune komanso kutalika komwe mungafune kuti akhale, pali zabwino zake. Choyamba, pali zabwino zaumoyo za amayi ndi mwana.

Ngati ana amakhala osiyana zaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo, izi zimapatsa thupi la mayi nthawi yoti adzichiritse asanatenge mimba ina, ndipo amatha kusamalira mwana aliyense m'mwezi wawo woyambirira.

Chachiwiri, pali zabwino zachuma pomwe mungakonzekere kukhala ndi ana okhaokha momwe mukudziwa kuti mudzakwanitsa kuwasamalira mokwanira.

Chachitatu, kudzera mukulera bwino kwa ana mutha kukhala ndi ana anu mukadali ndi zaka makumi awiri kapena makumi atatu, potero muchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimakhalapo pakubereka pakati pa zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu.

3. Kodi kuipa kwa kulera ndi kotani?

Ena mwa mafunso ofunikira pa zakulera amayambira ku zovuta zakulera. Kutengera njira yomwe mukugwiritsira ntchito njira zakulera, pakhoza kukhala zovuta zina zomwe mungaganizire pazomwe amati ndizovuta.

Izi ndizowona makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera zam'madzi monga mapiritsi kapena jakisoni, zopangira, zigamba kapena mphete za amayi. Ngakhale azimayi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njirazi mosangalala popanda zovuta zilizonse, kwa azimayi ena pakhoza kukhala zovuta zowonekera kapena zovuta zina.

Zomwe zimakonda kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kunenepa, chizungulire, nseru komanso kupweteka mutu. Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, pakhoza kukhala sitiroko, magazi kuundana kapena mimba ya ectopic.

Mutawerenga izi, mwina mukuganiza kuti njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo njira yolerera yachilengedwe (zambiri pambuyo pake). Ndizowona kuti njirayi siyimabweretsa zovuta zilizonse, koma dziwani kuti ndi pafupifupi 75% yokhayo, choncho mungakhale ndi mwayi osachepera 25% wokhala ndi pakati "mosakonzekera".

4. Kodi ndi njira ziti zolerera zakulera?

Pali njira zingapo zakulera zomwe zingapezeke. Izi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

  • Njira zopinga: Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, njirayi imakhudzanso kupanga chotchinga cholepheretsa umuna kuti ufikire dzira. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito makondomu achimuna kapena achikazi, mankhwala a spermicidal, diaphragms, zisoti za khomo lachiberekero kapena masiponji.
  • Njira za mahomoni: Kulera kwa mahomoni kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera (mapiritsi) kapena jakisoni, komanso mphete zam'mimba ndi zigamba. Izi zingaphatikizepo mahomoni awiri, omwe ndi estrogen ndi progestin, kapena progestin okha.
  • Zipangizo zamkati: Izi zimatchedwa ma IUD. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuyika chida cholerera m'mimba mwa mayi. Njira imodzi ndi Copper T (ParaGard) yomwe ilibe mahomoni ndipo imatha zaka khumi kapena kupitilira apo. Njira ina ndi LNG-IUS (Mirena) yomwe imatulutsa mahomoni achikazi omwe amatha kupanga mpaka zaka zisanu.
  • Njira zachilengedwe: Njirayi nthawi zina imatchedwa njira yachiyero, ndipo imakhudza mzimayi kusamala ndikuwunika msambo wake, komanso kupewa kugonana masiku amwezi omwe angakhale ndi pakati.
  • Njira zachikhalire: Ngati mukuwona kuti banja lanu ndi lathunthu ndipo mukufuna njira yanthawi zonse yopewa kutenga mimba kwina, mungafunikire kulingalira zochitidwa opaleshoni yolera yotseketsa. Kwa akazi izi zitha kutanthauza kukhala ndi tubal ligation, ndipo kwa abambo, vasectomy.

5. Kodi njira zina zakulera ndi ziti?

Pakadali pano mwina mungadabwe, kodi padziko lapansi adachita chiyani m'masiku akale njira zonsezi zisanapezeke? Zowona zakulera ndizovuta zakale, ndipo makolo athu ndi amayi athu ayenera kuti anali ndi malingaliro komanso njira zawo.

Pofika 1873 makondomu ndi ma diaphragms anali atapezeka, koma izi zisanachitike njira zazikulu zakulera zinali:

  • kudziletsa
  • kuchotsa (coitus interruptus), kapena
  • kupha ana (kupha ana pobadwa)

Kutaya mimba koyesedwa ndikulephera kudalinso kwadzaoneni ndipo kumawopsa amayi.

Kuyamwitsa kwa nthawi yayitali inali njira zina momwe mayi amathandizira kupewa kapena kuimitsa kutenga pakati pomwe akuyamwitsa.

Njira yachilengedwe, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti njira ya kalendala kapena njira yovomerezera ikadakhala njira yodziwika kwambiri pakulera.

6. Kodi kulera kwachilengedwe kumagwira ntchito motani?

Ngakhale kulera kwachilengedwe kudagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu, masiku ano ndikuchita kafukufuku konse komwe kwachitika, tili ndi chidziwitso chambiri komanso ukadaulo zomwe tili nazo kuti izi zitheke kukhala njira yothandiza komanso yothandiza kuposa momwe zidaliri kwa omwe adatsogola.

Kulera kwachilengedwe (NFP) kumatanthauza njira iliyonse yolerera yomwe kutenga mimba kumapewa posagonana masiku omwe mkazi amakhala wobereka ndipo kuthekera kumakhala kotheka.

Kuphunzira mosamalitsa kumapangidwa ndi kusamba kwa amayi ndi momwe amakhudzidwira ndi mazira kuti adziwe nthawi yomwe angakhale ndi pakati kapena sangatenge mimba. Ngakhale izi zitha kuchitika kunyumba, ndibwino kuti mupemphe thandizo kwa dokotala kapena wazachipatala.

Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yanjira yachilengedwe yolerera, motere:

  • Chizindikiro: Njirayi imafuna kuti mayiyo azitentha thupi m'mawa uliwonse m'mawa ndi ma thermometer apadera otchedwa basal thermometer omwe ndi olondola kwambiri, mpaka mazana angapo a digiri.

Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kutentha kumawonetsa kutha kwa nyengo yachonde, komanso ntchito zina zathupi zomwe zimafunika kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, monga khomo lachiberekero, kusasinthasintha kwa mamina ndi kusinthasintha.

  • Kalendala-Nyimbo: Imeneyi ndi njira yachikhalidwe kwambiri ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino ndi amayi omwe amakhala ndi msambo pafupipafupi. Zimatengera malingaliro akuti kutulutsa mazira kumachitika masiku khumi ndi anayi asanayambe kusamba, kuti dzira lomwe lakhazikika limatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka maola makumi awiri ndi anayi, ndikuti umuna ukhoza kukhala ndi moyo mpaka masiku atatu.

Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro atatuwa, munthu amatha kuwerengera masiku khumi ndi anayi kuyambira tsiku loyamba lakusamba kuti adziwe nthawi yomwe dzira liyenera kuchitika, kenako pewani kugonana nthawi imeneyo.

  • Njira Zamasiku Okhazikika: The Standard Days Method (SDM) ndi yofanana ndi njira ya kalendala chifukwa imakhudza kuwerengera masiku azungulira ndipo imagwira bwino ntchito kwa iwo omwe amakhala ndi masiku pafupifupi 26 ndi 32.

Mphete ya mikanda yokhala ndi mitundu (CycleBeads) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosonyeza kuti masiku achonde ndi osabereka ndi ati.

  • Kutsekemera-Mucus: Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mayi ayenera kuwona ndikulemba zizindikilo zake zakubala monga zikuwonetsera ndi mamina osiyanasiyana obisika ndi khomo lachiberekero.

Mwakuchita ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mlangizi wovomerezeka wakulera wotsimikizika, mzimayi atha kuphunzira kuzindikira masiku ake achonde kwambiri pamene ayenera kupewa kugonana ngati sakufuna kukhala ndi pakati.

  • Makompyuta Obereketsa: Kompyutayi yobereketsa kapena chowunikira kubereka ndichida chaching'ono chogwiririra m'manja chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulosera za kubereka kwa amayi. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida; ena omwe amayesa kutentha kwapansi, ndipo ena omwe amayesa mahomoni omwe amapezeka mkodzo.

Chipangizocho chikuwonetsa ngati pathupi pakhoza kukhala zotenga tsiku lomwelo.

  • Lactational Amenorrhea Njira: Njira imeneyi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti LAM ndi pamene kuyamwitsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kutenga pakati. Zomwe izi zimagwira ndikuti pomwe mayi akuyamwitsa, mahomoni amapangidwa mthupi mwake omwe amaletsa ovulation, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zoberekera zizikhala zopanda ntchito.

Izi ndizowona makamaka mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira mwana akabadwa, ngati mayi akuyamwitsa mokwanira komanso osamupatsa china chilichonse kupatula mkaka wa m'mawere.

7. Kodi kulera kumaphatikizapo chiyani?

Mwina muli ndi mwana m'modzi kapena awiri ndipo mukumva kuti banja lanu ndi lokwanira. Mwina mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi kapena njira zina zakulera, ndipo tsopano mukuganiza njira yokhazikika yolerera.

Kwenikweni pali njira ziwiri, imodzi ya amuna ndi ina ya akazi, zomwe zimakhudza kuchitidwa maopareshoni ang'onoang'ono ndipo zimadzetsa njira yolera yotseketsa.

  • Tubal Ligation: Kwa akazi, opareshoni yamtunduwu imaphatikizapo kudula, kudula kapena kupaka machubu a fallopian omwe amalumikizidwa pachiberekero. Ndi 99% yothandiza ndipo siyimitsa msambo wamayi kuti usachitike.
  • Vasectomy: Kwa amuna, kukhala ndi vasectomy kumatanthauza kuti ma vas deferens (kapena machubu) ochokera machende aliwonse amadulidwa ndikusindikizidwa, motero kupewa umuna kusasakanikirana ndi umuna womwe umatuluka. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi ogwira ntchito 99% ndipo samakhudza mchitidwe wogonana wamwamuna aliyense.

8. Kodi njira zosiyanasiyana zakulera ndizothandiza bwanji?

Njira zosiyanasiyana zakulera zitha kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, pomwe ena amakhala odalirika komanso ogwira mtima kuposa ena. Kuphatikiza pa njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kudzipereka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kumathandizanso pakuchita bwino.

Ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha komanso moyenera, zotsatira zabwino zitha kuyembekezeredwa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, zotsatirazi ndi chitsogozo chazonse zakuyenda kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yakulera:

  • Opaleshoni yolera yotseketsa: 99% yothandiza
  • Kuika ma Hormonal, ma IUD, ndi jakisoni wa mahomoni: 97% yothandiza
  • Piritsi ndi mphete: 92% yothandiza
  • Makondomu, zakulera, masiponji: Kuyambira 68% - 85% yothandiza
  • Kulera Kwachilengedwe: 75% yothandiza

9. Kodi thanzi langa limakhudza bwanji njira zakulera zomwe ndidasankha?

China chomwe chingakhudze kugwira ntchito kwa njira zakulera zomwe mudasankha ndi thanzi lanu panthawiyo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi akulera ndipo muyenera kumwa maantibayotiki, ndikofunikira kuti dokotala wanu adziwe kuti muli pamapiritsi.

Mitundu ina ya maantibayotiki imalepheretsa mapiritsi kugwira ntchito moyenera.Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zodzitetezera (monga makondomu) mukamamwa mankhwala opha tizilombo komanso kwa sabata limodzi mutamaliza maphunzirowa.

Ngati mumasuta fodya ndipo mukumwa mapiritsi a kulera, mungakhale ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi magazi m'magazi.

10. Kodi phindu la kulera pakamwa ndi chiyani?

Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, njira zakumwa (monga mapiritsi) zitha kukhala ndi thanzi lanu. Mitundu ina yamapiritsi oletsa kubereka imatha kuthana ndi ziphuphu, komanso kuwongolera msambo.

Kwa amayi omwe avutika ndi nthawi yolemetsa komanso yopweteka, mapiritsi amatha kukhala dalitso lenileni, popeza nthawi tsopano imayamba kuchepa, osakhala ndi zipsinjo kapena matenda ena asanakwane. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse njira yolerera kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha zotupa m'mimba.

11. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuganizira posankha njira yolerera?

Mwinanso chinthu choyamba muyenera kuganizira mukamasankha njira yolerera yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndi njira yomwe mumakhalira. Ngati muli ndi moyo wokangalika kapena wosasinthasintha, ndiye kuti mwina simungafune kumangako mapiritsi anu nthawi inayake tsiku lililonse.

Momwemonso, njira yachilengedwe yowonera mosamalitsa thupi lanu komanso kutentha kwanu nthawi zonse imatha kukhala yolemetsa kwambiri kuti musakhale otanganidwa kwambiri. Ganizirani za kufunika kwake kwa inu ngati mungakhale ndi mimba yosakonzekera kapena ayi.

Onani zovuta zomwe mungakumane nazo, komanso kuti mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali bwanji musanayambitse banja lanu. Ndalama zachuma zitha kuganiziridwanso, komanso ngati inshuwaransi yaumoyo wanu ingakhudze zomwe a dokotala amakupatsani kapena ayi.

12. Ndikatenga mimba ndikamagwiritsa ntchito njira yolerera ya mahomoni, kodi zitha kuvulaza mwana wanga?

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito njira yolerera ya mahomoni monga mapiritsi, mwina mungakhale mukuganiza chomwe chingachitike mutakhala ndi pakati ngakhale mutasamala.

Kwa mapiritsi komanso chigamba ndi mphete ya amayi, sipangakhale vuto kwa mwanayo, bola ngati mutasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mimba ikangotuluka.

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa miyezi itatu, monga Depo-Provera, ndipo mukakhala ndi pakati mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri mutalandira jakisoni, mwana akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina.

Izi zitha kuphatikizira kulemera kocheperako komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo. Musanalandire jakisoni iyi ndikofunikira kuyesa mayeso apakati kuti mutsimikizire kuti simuli ndi pakati.

13. Kodi nditenga nthawi yayitali bwanji nditasiya kumwa mapiritsi kapena jakisoni?

Mukasankha kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi, muyenera kumaliza kumaliza ntchito yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito pano. Zitha kutenga mwezi umodzi kapena itatu kuti thupi lanu liyambirenso kusintha kwa mahomoni ndikuyamba kutulutsa mazira ndikusamba mwachizolowezi.

Mungafune kufunsa adotolo kapena azachipatala anu kuti akakuuzeni asanakhale ndi pakati komanso mavitamini asanabadwe.

Ngati mwakhala mukumwa jakisoni wa miyezi itatu (Depo-Provera) ikhoza kukhala m'dongosolo lanu chilichonse kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka khumi ndi isanu ndi itatu mutawombera komaliza. Izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuti muli ndi mazira osasamba komanso kusamba, koma zingakhale zotheka kutenga pakati nthawi imeneyo.

Ngati mukufuna kutenga pakati chaka chamawa, mungaganizire kuchoka mu jakisoni ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yayifupi yolerera pakadali pano monga mapiritsi, chifundiro, kondomu kapena spermicides.

14. Tidziwa bwanji tikakhala okonzeka kuyamba banja?

Kubwereranso ku funso lomwe tinayamba nalo: "Ndiye mukuganiza zoyamba liti banja?"

Ili silingakhale funso lophweka kuyankha, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, malingaliro anu ndi momwe mukumvera. Monga okwatirana achichepere (kapena ayi achichepere kwambiri) mutha kukhala mukumva kukakamizidwa kwamitundu yonse:

  • Mwinamwake agogo oyembekezeredwa sakupereka malingaliro obisika onena za kukhumba kwawo kudzukulu.
  • Mwina ntchito yanu ikuyenda bwino kwambiri kwakuti simungaganize zopuma tchuthi chabanja.
  • Ndipo ndiye zachidziwikire kuti pali kuwonekera kwa wotchi yachilengedwe yomwe imakukumbutsani kuti simukuyambiranso kukhala achichepere.

Nanga bwanji ndalama zomwe zimafunika?

Musanapange chisankho chofunikira chokhazikitsa banja, muyenera kulingalira zonsezi ndi zina zambiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso okhudzana ndi kulerawa dzifunseni nokha ngati nonse muli okonzeka kudzipereka nthawi zonse zomwe mwana amafuna komanso zoyenera, osati mwakuthupi komanso mwachuma zokha, komanso mwamalingaliro komanso mwauzimu.

Kodi mudaganizapo ngati pali mapasa m'mabanja anu onse, ndipo mutha kukhala ndi ana awiri m'malo mwa m'modzi?

Ngati pali vuto lina lililonse m'banja mwanu lomwe lingaperekedwe, muyenera kupeza upangiri waluso pazomwe zingachitike mukamayambitsa banja.

Ngakhale mutasankha kuti "ino ndiyo nthawi" ndipo nonse ndinu osangalala komanso ofunitsitsa kupita patsogolo, kumbukirani kuti zingangotenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe mumayembekezera kuti mutenga pakati. Khalani oleza mtima ndikukonzekera ulendo wautali.

Werengani zonse zomwe mungathe kuti mupeze chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chomwe mukufuna kuti mukhale okonzeka momwe mungathere.

Ndiye tsiku lina, liti komanso ngati mudzapezeka mutanyamula mtolo wa moyo m'manja mwanu, sangalalani nawo mphindi iliyonse, ndikumbukira kuthokoza ndikusangalala ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala kholo.

Nthawi zonse chimakhala chizolowezi kupitiliza kuwunika mafunso okhudzana ndi kulera kuti muwonetsetse kuti simuphonya chilichonse chofunikira.